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Staging Test Types in Cancer

The types of tests used for staging depend on the type of cancer. Tests include the following:

• Physical exams are used to gather information about the cancer. The doctor examines the body by looking, feeling, and listening for anything unusual. The physical exam may show the location and size of the tumor(s) and the spread of the cancer to the lymph nodes and/or to other organs.
  
  
• Imaging studies produce pictures of areas inside the body. These studies are important tools in determining stage. Procedures such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans can show the location of the cancer, the size of the tumor, and whether the cancer has spread.
  
  
• Laboratory tests are studies of blood, urine, other fluids, and tissues taken from the body. For example, tests for liver function and tumor markers (substances sometimes found in increased amounts if cancer is present) can provide information about the cancer.
  
  
• Pathology reports may include information about the size of the tumor, the growth of the tumor into other tissues and organs, the type of cancer cells, and the grade of the tumor (how closely the cancer cells resemble normal tissue). A biopsy (the removal of cells or tissues for examination under a microscope) may be performed to provide information for the pathology report. Cytology reports also describe findings from the examination of cells in body fluids.
  
  
• Surgical reports tell what is found during surgery. These reports describe the size and appearance of the tumor and often include observations about lymph nodes and nearby organs.

AR RAHMAN OSCAR 2009 Speech

Cricket or Polls - should we choose ?

In a nation where both Cricket and politics rank high on national obsession/religion/way of life, the Home Minister’s request to Cricket’s Indian Premier League (IPL) to postpone it’s matches has generated heated discussions.

Home Ministry requested the postponement following the attacks on Sri Lankan Cricketers in Lahore, Pakistan. The government feared that the two major events (i.e. Lok Sabha polls and IPL matches) will stretch the security forces thin. While the IPL has not officially changed it’s schedule, it has agreed to ensure that their schedule doesn’t clash with the five phases of the election.

• No IPL matches 48 hours before polling: Modi, Press Trust of India, Mar 3, 2009‎
• All 14 gunmen escape after deadly attack on Sri Lankan cricketers,, Times Online, Mar 3, 2009‎

The UPA government’s request has aroused mixed emotions, with some supporting this request given the terrorist threat, while others rejecting this as a failure of the government to provide security.

• No, home minister, Editorial, Indian Express, Mar 5 2009
• Pull out all the stumps, Vir Sanghvi Hindustan Times, Mar 5 2009

IPL’s claim that it will take care of the security sounds rather far fetched. IPL cannot ensure the safety of each and every viewer back to their houses. The security forces will have to be deployed if a large number of people travel to and from the Cricket stadium. If security forces have to be deployed back-to-back for the matches and elections, they are bound to be over-worked and exhausted.

In an ideal world, we should be able to hold the elections and the IPL matches simultaneously. However, given the neighbourhood we live in and the major impact this election will have on the average Indian; IPL’s insistence on continuing with their schedule regardless of the strain they will put on the Security forces comes across as very selfish.

Chess

Chess is a recreational and spirited game played between two players. Sometimes called Western chess or international chess to differentiate it from its predecessors and other chess variants, the present form of the game emerged in Southern Europe throughout the second half of the 15th century after developing from similar, much older games of Indian and Persian origin. Nowadays, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.

The game is played on a square chequered chessboard with 64 squares set in an eight-by-eight square. At the start, each player (one controlling the white pieces, the other controlling the black pieces) controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is below immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to take away it from attack on the next move.

Digital camera

A digital camera (or digicam for short) is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images by means of an electronic image sensor.

Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs. In the Western market, digital cameras outsell their 35 mm film counterparts.

Digital cameras can perform things film cameras cannot: displaying images on a screen immediately after they are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single small memory device, recording video with sound, and deleting images to free storage space.

Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices are fundamentally specialised digital cameras.